Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi, 1905 and C. hawaiiensis Grimshaw, 1901 are sibling species

Although Spies et al.’s (2002) thorough analysis of a small sample the then available specimens Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi,1905 suggested two distinctly different haplotypes in mitochondrial COII gene, corresponding morphological and cytological evidence kept authors from concluding that there were species involved. Further obstacles unusual aspects molecular data occurrence both these samples Brazilian type locality by Fittkau (1965) which he had fixed neotype. This neotype is slide mounted can no longer yield data. The present author’s additional material, including BARCODE sequences, has confirmed existence forms, perhaps consistent with those found analysis, largely overlapping geographic distributions. One forms occurs Hawaii where it morphologically indistinguishable C. hawaiiensis Grimshaw, 1901. It recommended to apply this name, takes nomenclatural precedence form Hawaii, name be more common Fittkau’s type-locality samples.